Another stemend rot is caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae. Infection of stems can lead to bark cankers and stem thickening and death. Characterization of fungal pathogens that cause stemend rot in mango fruit. Tips on how to prevent stemend rot and other nasty mango diseases. Availability of a significantly detailed study on morphological and molecular characterization of the ser associated fungal species is comparatively low. Anthracnose and stem end rot ser, caused by colletotrichum and dothoriella spp.
A spraying unit can be made using two tx2 hollow cone nozzles anthracnose ripe rot affecting kensington pride fruit fruit infected with bacterial black spot. The stem end rot pathogens of mango mangifera indica, dothiorella dominicana, dothiorella mangiferae, lasiodiplodia theobromae syn. Stem end rot of mango disease management fruit should not come in contact with the soil or fallen leaves and twigs during harvesting. Stemend rot ser is one of the most frequently found mango postharvest diseases in many countries including sri lanka. The uc postharvest technology center grants users permission to download textual pages including pdf files from this world wide. Mango dieback and gummosis in sindh, pakistan caused by. The mango stem borer, batocera rufomaculata invades the trunk.
Horticulturae free fulltext fruit stemend rot html. Growth and infectivity of botryodiplodia theobromae. Dothiorella dominicana and their in vivo efficacy in controlling mango cv. Field guide to nonchemical pest management in mango production 8 pesticide action network pan germany how to use this field guide this field guide is designed to make the control of mango pests as easy as possible. Meah mb 1993 mode of infection of mango stemend rot pathogen botryodiplodia theobromae pat. Mango diseases and its management linkedin slideshare. Leaves and shoots are preyed on by the caterpillars of parasa lepida. The stemend rot of mango fruits caused by diplodianata lensis pole evans in transit and storage is a serious problem which has received relatively limited attention in this country. First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with. Mango stem end rot botryosphaeria dothidea disease control by partialpressure infiltration of fungicides. Thompson, in postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. All chemical treatments significantly reduced the incidence of stemend rot tukey, p pdf 77 kb abstract. Horticulturae free fulltext fruit stemend rot html mdpi. Peterson and others published chemical control of stem end rot in mango find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
During 2006 and 2007, a stemend rot disease was observed one week after harvest on 28 to 36% of stored mangoes picked from six orchards in the pingtung, tainan, and kaoshiung regions of taiwan. When purchasing a mango, obviously avoid any signs of rot. Screening of cultivarsvarieties against mango anthracnose. The characteristic symptom of the disease is the white superficial powdery fungal growth on leaves, stalk of panicles, flowers and young fruits. Stem end rot department of agriculture and fisheries. The objective of the research was to study the effect of physical treatments, with hot water rinse brushing hwrb and ultraviolet c irradiation uv. Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of mango affecting almost all the varieties. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. It is characterized by dark lesions developing at the pedicel end of the mango. First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with stemend rot of mango in manipur, india. The volatile metabolites from the headspace gas of containerised mango mangifera indica cv.
Caused by phomopsis caricaepapayae begins in the stem end or a fruit skin wound and can develop rapidly in ripe fruits. Since mangoes transported to the wholesale market were still unripe, disease symptoms that usually start to appear in ripening fruits were not yet apparent. C illustration of the development of stemend rot during fruit ripening adapted from diskin et al. Chemical control of stemend rot on mango fruits in the san francisco river valley. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between flowering and harvest article pdf available in annals of applied biology 1193. Lasiodiplodia theobromae is one of the most frequent fungal pathogens associated with dieback, gummosis, leaf spot, stem. Sooty molds capnodium citri capnodium mangiferae capnodium ramosum meliola spp.
Several other fungi cause postharvest diseases of banana and plantain fruit including. Volatile metabolite profiling to detect and discriminate stemend rot. Physical postharvest treatments in the control of stem. Pdf mango stemend rot botryosphaeria dothidea disease. Recognizing mango disease symptoms learn about managing. Johnson and others published infection and quiescence in mango stem end rot pathogens. Chemical control of stemend rot on mango fruits in the. First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with stemend. Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem end rot of. University of arid agriculture, rawalpindi, pakistan m. Stem end rot disease of mango and its control agris. Botryodiplodia theobromae stalk and fruit rot, ceratocystis paradoxa stem end rot, pyricularia grisea pitting disease and verticillium dahliae cigar end of. Download and listen to the country hour, presented by matt brann.
In this study, the variation in the genetic diversity of 117 l. Kensington pride stemend rot on partialpressure infiltration v. In storage, symptoms initially appeared as light to dark brown lesions surrounding peduncles. In the initial stage, the epicarp darkens around the base fo the pedicel. Pdf comparative effect of vinegar, baking soda and sugar.
In sri lanka, stemend rot ser caused by lasiodiplodia sp. Species of botryosphaeriaceae associated on mango in brazil core. Notes on the action of a cuproorganic fungicide on stem end rot of banana caused by c. Syed rn, mansha n, khaskheli ma, khanzada ma, lodhi am 2014 chemical control of stem end rot of mango caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae. Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango mangifera indica l. One of the most wellknown diseases caused by ceratocystis paradoxa is black rot or stemend rot of pineapple, but it can also infect tropical fruit plants such as banana and coconuts as well as sugarcane. Physicochemical parameters, respiration and resistance induction of the fruit were also analysed.
Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem end rot of mango arslan jabeen b. Diplodia stemend rot is a fungal disease caused by complex fungal organisms. Diplodia natalensisdiplodia natalensis symptomssymptoms the dark epicarp around the base of the pedicelthe dark epicarp around the base of the pedicel in the initial stage the affected area enlarges toin the initial stage the affected area enlarges to form a circular, black patchform a circular, black patch under. Mangos generally rot from the nonstem end, from the seed or pit, and from any dark spots on the outside. Control of stem end rot dothiorella dominicana and other postharvest diseases of mango.
A dark brown to black rot begins at the stem end as a dark brown ring and the rot proceeds towards the other end. The pathogen infects the fruits through wounds or other openings after harvest has already happened and the fruit is fresh. C, individually and in combination, to control stem. Preharvest sprays of carbendazim or thiophanate methyl 0. Treating a sick mango for fungal diseases involves using a fungicide.
Diseases of fruit, plantation, medicinal and aromatic crops. The earliest indicator of stem end rot incidence at harvest was the infection level in peduncle tissue sampled 11 weeks after flowering. Tips on how to prevent stemend rot and other nasty mango. Frontiers biological control of mango dieback disease. Botryodiplodia theobromae an overview sciencedirect topics. In vitro and field studies were previously applied against l. Fruit infection by colletotrichum gloeosporioides and anthracnose.
Use of selected essential oils for controlling stemend. A dark rot develops from the stem end as fruit ripen after harvest. Bacterial antagonists and hexanalinduced systemic resistance of mango fruits against lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stemend rot. As trees in australian plantations become older, the losses from stem end rot will increase. Pdf infection and quiescence in mango stem end rot pathogens. The stem end rot pathogens of mango mangifera indica. Table 1 lists the major mango fruit, flower and leaf, stem, and root diseases described in the literature.
Control measure of stem end rot disease, hot benomyl 52 deg c ppm for 5 mins, dip and followed by prochloraz at 250 ppm for 30 sec were tested with mango infected with all stem end rot pathogens. Stemend rot development during the fruit ripening process. First report of stemend rot of mango caused by phomopsis. Endophytic colonisation of inflorescence and pedicel. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between. In this case, mango disease symptoms present as circular greenishgrey spots that turn rust red on the leaves. Biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. Stem end rot is a wellestablished postharvest disease of mango caused by. Field and postharvest biology of dendritic spot and stem.
Each pest included has a brief description of its lifecycle, damage it causes, and the control measures. Diplodia natalensis phomopsis mangiferae, cytosphaera mangiferae, pestalotiopsis sp. Botryosphaeriaceae associated with diseases of mango westerdijk. Morphological and molecular variability of lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stem end rot of mango in tamil nadu, india. Pmasarid agriculture university, rawalpindi, pakistan a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the university of queensland in 2016. A preharvest dry stemend rot was first noticed on tommy atkins in mexico in 1973, and it has spread to all mexican plantings of this cultivar causing losses of 1080%. Stemend rot symptoms are dark spots with defined edges on the epidermis of the fruit that emanate from the stem end.
Confocal images of mango stemend stained with aniline blue show a endophytic colonization of the phloem, and b necrotrophic colonization of ripe fruit. Low cost, high impact solutions for improving the quality. Black fibers indicate a different sort of rot, also bad. Mango stem end rot pathogens infection levels between flowering and harvest. Hot benomyl followed by prochloraz provided effective control of stem end rot caused by d. The fungus could infect mangoes through both pedicel and peel wounds, causing stem end rot and anthracnose in ripe fruit. At present, disease control is achieved with chemical fungicides which are hazardous to human health and environment.
Read application of essential oils for postharvest control of stem end rot of mango fruits during storage, international journal of postharvest technology and innovation on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Training manual on mango production in the philippines by. After harvest, the disease lesion on fruits appear in the stem area which becomes darkbrown to black. The commonly known diplodia stemend rot is caused by botryodiplodia theobromae. Because of the danger of copper phytotoxicity throughinteraction with other sprays on mango flowers and flower stalks, it is recommended that growers do notspray with copper at this time but rather spray with mancozeb at recommended label rates at intervals of oneweek from the time flower shoots appear until fruit size is about a 20 cent piece. Fruit from the sprayed orchard subsequently developed a high level of stem end rot caused by d. Mango dieback and gummosis in sindh, pakistan caused by lasiodiplodia theobromae muhammad ali khanzada, abdul mubeen lodhi, and saleem shahzad, pest and disease research lab, department of botany, university of karachi, karachi75270, pakistan.
Growth and infectivity of botryodiplodia theobromae causing stemend rot of mango. Retention of latex at harvest, enhanced mango mangifera. Rot symptoms advanced slowly but eventually penetrated the mesocarp, which. The pathogenic fungi which cause anthracnose and stem end rot such as. Field guide to nonchemical pest management in mango.